In 1968 the copper industry as a whole did not believe large quantities of high quality copper could be produced by hydrometallurgy and at the time the ranchers plant came on line, expectations for the eventual success of copper lsxew. When processing the udokan deposit copper ores, it is economically reasonable to combine. Selective extraction of molybdenum from copper concentrate by air oxidation in alkaline solution. Hydrometallurgy results in a final metal product for domestic use or export, rather than a sulfide concentrate. Kelex 100 is a single organic compound designed to selectively extract copper ions from leach liquors having acidities in the ph range of one to three. The sxew process is a hydrometallurgical process since it operates at ambient temperatures and the copper is in either an aqueous environment or an organic environment during its processing until it is reduced to the metal. In 1968 there were only two widely practiced copper leaching processes using. When the final article is assigned to volumesissues of the publication, the article in press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published volumesissues of the publication. For a variety oftechnical and economic reasons, theseoresoften cannot beprocessed by normal. Use add new topic to ask a new questiondiscussion about hydrometallurgy. Design of coppercobalt hydrometallurgical circuits graeme miller. Hydrometallurgy of copperzinc concentrates springerlink.
Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores. Copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores. Would there be any channeling effect in the vat as we are p. The second case describes the use of iron as a reductant for the leaching of refractory cobalt oxides. Further processing of the leach solutions to recover the base metals represents a significant consideration by itself, but it is not the primary focus of this. Significant progress have been recently made in advancing the use of.
Recent developments in copper hydrometallurgy metallurgium. Sulfuric acid leaching of copper wad and chalcocite is proposed according to. Dutrizac symposium on copper hydrometallurgy cu2007 volume iv, book 2 by p. In the 1940s hydromtallurgy benefitted a great deal from manhattan project in usa, then in the 1950s a new technology was introduced by sherrittgordon mines in association with the mines branch in ottawa to treat ores with ammonia under pressure and. Hydrometallurgy aims to compile studies on novel processes, process design, chemistry, modelling, control, economics and interfaces between unit operations, and to provide a forum for discussions on case histories and operational difficulties. In certain cases, however, hydrometallurgy is used to remove easilysoluble waste or. Copper hydrometallurgy is a branch of metallurgy method to extract copper directly from those difficulttoconcentrate copper oxide ore. We use small cameras to follow the path of copper ore as it is processed into pure copper sheets. How hydrometallurgy and the sxew process made copper the. New and old copper scrap or copper alloys can be melted, repurified, and recycled into new components 50% of copper used in the copper industry was recycled. Hocking, in handbook of chemical technology and pollution control third edition, 2005.
Hydrometallurgical production of copper from flotation. Our longterm research goals at queens university focus on the extractive metallurgy and mineral processing aspects associated with the following research areas. Modern hydrometallurgy began with the need to obtain uranium in the 1940s and extended into new areas with the development of pressure hydrometallurgy in the mid1950s and acceptance of solvent extraction as an industrial scale process for copper production in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Because of its dependence on sulfuric acid, the sxew process is at present not a substitute for, but rather an adjunct. An investigation of the hydrometallurgy of cuzn concentrates by the dowa mining co. Besides most gold and much silver, large tonnages of copper and zinc are produced by hydrometallurgy. Leach residue is treated for gold recovery and the resulting leach liquor is directed to lead, copper, silver and. Sufficient operating experience has shown that the dorrco fluosolids system has proven successful for recovery of both zinc and copper by roasting in a fluidized bed. Hydrometallurgy cobalt omc has fostered a highly skilled team specialising in the field of hydrometallurgy.
Hydrometallurgy is a process for recovering valuable metals dissolved in a waterbased chemical mix containing metallic salt compounds. Within the research program, complex sulfide ores are treated by ferric chloride leaching to dissolve zinc, lead, copper and silver. However, thereare probably other factors that have contributed towards this trend. In order to maximize the recovery of valuable metals such as cobalt, copper and nickel from an acid leach solution, a synthetic, high purity magnesium oxide with. How copper is extracted, crushed, and sent to the two major processing methods. It eases the recovery of value metals from ores containing impurities that can produce highmeltingpoint slags. This group is lead by a world renowned hydrometallurgist with extensive operating experience in projects spanning the globe. Pdf solvent extraction in hydrometallurgical processing of polish. A new hydrometallurgical process has been developed for recovery of gold from secondary sources such as gravitational concentrates from alluvial sands. Proprocess personnel have vast experience in the hydrometallurgical field. Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials.
Thus, hydrometallurgy generally involves converting the desired metal or metals in an ore, concentrate or intermediate product into a watersoluble form, followed by recovering from solution a more highly refined product. Copper leaching from chalcopyrite concentrates springerlink. In the electrowinning stage of the process the copper is reduced electrochemically from copper sulfate in solution to a metallic copper cathode. Hydrometallurgical article about hydrometallurgical by the. Jan 15, 2019 hydrometallurgy involves the combination of extractive metallurgy, sciences, technology and chemistry for the recovery of metals from a wide variety of metalbearing sources. The extraction and recovery of metals from their ores by processes in which aqueous solutions play a predominant role.
Hydrometallurgy refers to the application of aqueous solutions for metal recovery from ores, and has been practiced for copper recovery for many years. Use of hydrometallurgy in direct processing of base metalpgm. Hydrometallurgy has evolved, both as an alternative to and a complementary method for the pyrometallurgical recovery of metals. Hydrometallurgy is the process of extracting metals from ores by dissolving the ore containing the metal of interest into an aqueous phase and recovering the metal from the resulting pregnant liquor. Hi we are planning a vat leaching for hms rejects of copper oxide ore. We are planning for a 5000 tons holding capacity for the vat and feed grade is 1% copper. Alta 1997 copper hydrometallurgy forum table of contents pilot leach sxew operation at the sabetaungkyisintaung copper project, union of myanmar by g miller, p hutchinson, r e scheffel development of the andacollo copper project by r e scheffel, j b read kennecotts bingham canyon heap leach program part 1. Hydrometallurgy definition of hydrometallurgy by the free. Such metal recovery usually is based upon sulfuric acid solutions and the metals that are targeted for recovery are either precious metals such as gold, platinum.
Responsibility first tutorial symposium on hydrometallurgy, may 19 and 20, 1972. The original impetus for solution methods for copper extraction before the development of froth flotation technology was. New copper products copper powder technology ypotential replacement for cathode to rod yspecialty copper powders copper powder process reduces or eliminates the following. The copperbearing aqueous phase is advanced to the electrowinning ew stage of the process while the barren organic phase is returned to the extraction stage of the process. Pdf recently, very unfavorable trends of decreasing copper content and increasing complexity of the polish copper ores as well as lowering. Traditional copper hydrometallurgy process typically consists of atmospheric leaching, solvent extraction sx and electrowinning ew.
The work of frank forward our department head from 19451954 and other collaborators, led to the development of the sherritt process for the hydrometallurgical recovery of nickel and cobalt from sulphide concentrates. Use add reply to replyparticipate in a topicdiscussion most frequent. This paper details two other positive uses of iron in hydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgical article about hydrometallurgical by. The role of hydrometallurgy as an alternative for production of copper and other accompanying metals has been growing for years. In largescale hydrometallurgical production for example, in leaching copper from oxidized ores in lumps the process is sometimes carried out by means of washing piles of ore with weak solutions of sulfuric acid. Hydrometallurgy of copper william eckert greenawalt. Hydrometallurgy is defined as the selective extraction of minerals from ore, concentrates and intermediate residues, recovery of the valuable elements and producing intermediate or final saleable products using aqueous chemistry. The hydrometallurgical processes of production of copper are discussed and leaching of chalcopyrite as the main sulphide mineral of copper processed in industry is used as an example. There are two ways of smelting copper, one is pyrometallurgy, the other hydrometallurgical. In the process of extraction, as indicated by the forward direction of the following equilibrium expression, an extremely stable copper complex is formed. The crystals are shoveled with copper shovels into this hopper, which fills the pushcar underneath through a spout with slide in the center. Because copper is an element, it can be infinitely recycled.
Hydrometallurgy aims to compile studies on novel processes, process design, chemistry, modelling, control, economics and interfaces between unit operations, and to provide a forum for discussions on case histories and operational difficulties topics covered include. Dharma rao, editor mineral lndustry research laboratory. The treatment of metal or the separation of metal from ores and ore concentrates by liquid processes, such as leaching, extraction, and precipitation. Hydrometallurgy cobalt metallurgy mineral processing omc. Hydrometallurgical process development for complex ores. Various methods are employed to accomplish these results.
With the exception of leachingsolvent extractionelectrowinning, the basic methods. Two distinct processes are involved in hydrometallurgy. Chalcopyrite cufes 2 is one of the most abundant copper bearing minerals, which accounts for approximately 70 percent of the worlds known copper reserves. Copper dissolution from black copper ore under oxidizing. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Table 2 summarizes the operating conditions for electro refining. Because of the imbalance between cathode and anode efficiencies, and the use of iron to cement the copper, an ad ditional amount ofironmust bere moved from the circuit.
Biosorption of cobalt and copper from hydrometallurgical solutions. Copper that is mined from copper ore, after beneficiation, becomes high quality copper concentrate. Page 445 the spaces between the joists are covered with boards resting on the cleats and pushed closely together, but not nailed, so that the whole or part of the cover can be easily removed. Hydrometallurgical process development for complex ores and. The copper containing solutions are drained into collecting tanks and then into cementation units. Morenci western copper concentrate mineralogy ymixed chalcopyrite, covellite, chalcocite, pyrite medium temperature and direct electrowinning mtdew process selected ybest fit with morenci concentrate production and acid balance yutilize existing ew and sx capacity at morenci copper production capacity 75,000 tons per year. Effective hydrometallurgy can be achieved through chemical precipitation with an alkali such as magnesium oxide. Pdf hydrometallurgical processes for copper extraction have been applied successfully for over 100 years for the treatment of both oxide and. Leaching kinetics of copper from waste printed circuit. Copper ore hydrometallurgy and pressure leachingcopper. Rice united states department of the interior bruce babbitt, secretary bureau of mines this report is based upon research conducted under an agreement between the university of alabama and the bureau of mines.
Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgical production of copper from flotation concentrates by j. Nearly 25% of the world copper production is due to hydrometallurgy using sulphate, sulphatechloride and chloride solutions. For more than 30 years, a significant number of processes have been developed to leach copper from chalcopyrite concentrates. These slimes contain copper, gold, lead, nickel, platinum, selenium, silver and. Table of contentsbringing copper metal into solutionrecovering copper metal from leach liquorscopper leaching equipmentcopper leaching costscopper leaching practices the advance made in recent times in this branch of metallurgy is indicated by the attention the subject is receiving from important american copper producing companies. Hydrometallurgy vol 169, pages 1628 may 2017 sciencedirect. Other developments affecting copper hydrometallurgy. Then, after being smelted, refined copper and copper products are yielded. Electrorefining is also becom ing increasingly popular for recycling metals.
Using add reply allows you to attach images or pdf files and provide a more complete input. The processes employed for solu tion concentration and purification in the hydrometallurgical processing of include manganese precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. These sources include ores, solutions, recycled materials, waste streams, intermediates and mineral concentrates that are converted into useful products for the society. The development of ion exchange, solvent extraction, and other processes has led to an extremely broad range of applications of hydrometallurgy, now used to produce more than 70 metallic elements. Covellinisation of copper sulphide minerals under pressure leaching conditions article pdf available in hydrometallurgy 7. Copper is the predominant metal to be electrorefined, as this is the only process for preparing metal pure enough for electrical applications. Abstract for more than 10 years, a revival of the interest for the partitioning of high active nuclear wastes. Read the latest articles of hydrometallurgy at, elseviers leading platform of. Pdf new hydrometallurgical process for gold recovery. Hydrometallurgy article about hydrometallurgy by the free. In this research, the electrochemical behaviour of chalcopyrite has been analysed under different conditions in order to identify the parameters necessary to increase the leaching rates. The reactions occurring at the iron cells are as follows.
Leaching kinetics of copper from waste printed circuit boards by electrogenerated chlorine in hcl solution eunyoung kima, minseuk kimb, jaechun leeb. Leach residue is treated for gold recovery and the resulting leach liquor is directed to lead, copper, silver and zinc recovery steps. The key research activities in this area are to advance the fundamental and technical understanding of the aqueous industrial processes and. The university of british columbia and the department of materials engineering have a rich history in the field of hydrometallurgy. This level of copper is an issue with cobalt product quality and needs to be reduced to less than 1 ppm kongolo et al, 2005. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Page 447 rails are laid in recesses near the rim of the tanks so that the rails of the two opposite rows of tanks form a track for a hopper mounted on wheels. Semantic scholar extracted view of design of copper cobalt hydrometallurgical circuits by graeme miller.
358 1097 870 1407 1595 1472 125 408 179 777 536 1276 566 1452 1336 514 2 98 1507 1047 1425 1389 154 1132 608 843 666 958 925 11 842 1170